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Sooty Mold
| Posted on November 9, 2013 at 9:51 PM |
Sooty mold is the common name applied to several species of fungi
that grow on honeydew secretions on plant parts and other surfaces. The
fungi’s dark, threadlike growth (mycelium) gives plants or other
substrates the appearance of being covered with a layer of soot. Sooty molds don’t infect plants but grow on surfaces where
honeydew deposits accumulate. Honeydew is a sweet, sticky liquid that
plant-sucking insects excrete as they ingest large quantities of sap
from a plant. Because the insect can’t completely utilize all the
nutrients in this large volume of fluid, it assimilates what it needs
and excretes the rest as “honeydew.” Wherever honeydew lands—e.g.,
leaves, twigs, fruit, yard furniture, concrete, sidewalks, or
statuary—sooty molds can become established. Although sooty molds don’t infect plants, they can indirectly
damage the plant by coating the leaves to the point that it reduces or
inhibits sunlight penetration. Without adequate sunlight, the plant’s
ability to carry on photosynthesis is reduced, which can stunt plant
growth. Coated leaves also might prematurely age (senesce) and die,
causing premature leaf drop. Fruits or vegetables covered with sooty molds are edible. Simply remove the mold with a solution of mild soap and warm water. Most plants will tolerate a small insect population
and light amounts of sooty mold. When sooty molds are present on any
surface in the landscape, it indicates there is, or has been, a sucking
insect population present in the vicinity. Control of sooty molds begins
with managing the insect creating the honeydew. For example,
populations of aphids usually are highest on succulent, new growth. In
some situations a strong stream of water can dislodge the insects. Also
fertilize and water to keep plants healthy but not excessively vigorous.
Another important consideration can be ant management. Ants
are attracted to and use honeydew as a source of food. Because of this,
they will protect honeydew-producing insects from predators and
parasites in order to harvest the honeydew. In many cases, predators and
parasites are sufficiently abundant and quickly begin feeding on and
reducing populations of scale insects, aphids, psyllids, whiteflies, or
mealybugs once ants have been eliminated. If populations fail to
decline, apply horticultural oils, neem oil, or insecticidal soap to
suppress the problem insects. One or more applications might be needed.
For detailed information on managing these pests see the appropriate Pest Notes listed in References.  |
Categories: Plant and Tree disease
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I grow fruits and vegetables in my small backyard. The produce is just for my family's consumption. One of the big problems I encounter with my plants is mold. Molds deter plant growth. Not only that I am concerned about safety as I am not sure if a fruit or vegetable that has been infected with mold is still safe to eat. I have read that there different types of plant molds. Some are safe, others are not. I want to know how to avoid molds in my plants. I've tried every advice I got online but nothing seems to work. Are there plants that are more vulnerable to molds? I hope you write more about this topic on your blog.
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Sooty mold is a frequent problem on the leaves of many evergreen shrubs including azaleas, camellias, laurels, and gardenias. It can also be a problem on deciduous trees and shrubs including crepe myrtles, Chinese elms, hollies, silver maples, or sugarberries, or on plants growing beneath any of these plants. You may also see the black “sooty mold” on walls, sidewalks, fences, automobiles, or almost anything else that has dropped from the plants above them.
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